How Solar Lights Work

The use of solar powered lighting is on the rise.Emitting Diodes) instead of conventional incandescent
Driven by high energy costs and environmentalbulbs. LED's are semiconductors that act like tiny light
concerns, an increasing number of consumers arebulbs when an electrical current passes through them.
choosing solar as an alternative to traditionalThey are very efficient, don't have a filament that
"hard-wired" landscape lighting. Ease of installation, lowburns out, and produce very little heat. That doesn't
operating costs, and minimal maintenance are alsomean you will not find solar powered lights that have
contributing to the increased demand. But how dohalogen or fluorescent bulbs, but LED's are by far the
solar lights work?most common light source.
First let's examine the basic components of a solar- Electronics - Solar lights also have various electronic
light:components and sensors that control functions like
- Case - This is the light fixture itself. Cases come incharging the batteries and turning the lights on
all shapes, colors, sizes and materials.automatically when it gets dark. Some even have
- Solar Panel - This is the business end of a solar light.integrated motion sensors.
Also called a solar cell or photovoltaic, the solar panelNow that we know the components, let's put it all
is the part that creates electricity from sunlight. It'stogether... Sunlight strikes the solar panel, creating
often integrated into the light fixture, but can be aelectricity. An electronic component directs this
separate unit that connects to one or more fixtureselectricity to the rechargeable battery for storage.
with a thin wire. It's important to note that the solarWhen it gets dark, a sensor activates the light,
panel makes, but does not store electricity. Withoutallowing the stored electricity from the battery to
sunlight, the flow of electricity stops.flow through the LED. The LED glows and we have
- Batteries - Rechargeable batteries store thelight.
electricity produced by the solar panel. The size andYes, the science behind all of this solar magic is a bit
number of batteries vary based on the design of themore complex, but now you know the basics.
fixture. The energy stored in the batteries is actuallyEssentially, a solar panel charges batteries that power
what powers the light.the light. Now why didn't I say that in the first place?
- Light Source - Most solar lights use LED's (Light