How Do Flow Meters Work

Flow meters are devices that are used to measureUltrasonic and Doppler shift flow meters also use the
the flow rate of a certain liquid or gas. They canchanges caused to sound waves to correlate a rate
measure these substances in terms of the volumetricof flow for the medium passing through the meter.
flow rate or the mass flow rate. The volumetric flowIn the case of the ultrasonic flow meter, two
rate is generally given in m3/second. The mass flowtransmitters of ultrasonic sound waves are placed at
rate is given in kg/second. Flow meters have manythe ends of a pipe where the measure is to take
applications. For individuals, a peak flow meter canplace. Each transmitter sends a pulse of sound.
measure the lung capacity. This is also used byThe transmitters also act as a receiver of the wave
people with asthma and can be used to determine ifsent by the other transmitter. One pulse of sound is
an asthma attack is imminent. Other than that, flowsent in the direction of the flow of the liquid and the
meters are used in many industries, like the foodother is sent against the flow. If various constants
processing industry, water management, semiare known about the metal of the pipe and the liquid
conductor fabrication and many others. This article willor gas passing through the pipe, a rate of flow can
give a brief overview of how flow meters work.be derived from the time it takes each sound wave
Flow meters are generally classified by the principalto reach the receiver.
that governs their operation or possibly by theirDoppler shift flow meters use the changes in the
applications. For instance, mass flow meters measurefrequency and amplitude of a sound wave when it
the flow rate of a medium in terms of it's mass.bounces off particulate matter in the liquid that is
However, there are types of mass flowmeters thatbeing measured to determine the flow rate.
use different methods to take this measurement.A more traditional type of flow meter is the variable
One example of this is the Coriolis flow meter thatarea flow meter that uses a float in a calibrated tube.
uses the Coriolis effect to determine the mass of aWhen a substance passes through the tube, the
fluid passing through two vibrating tubes or pipes.float is displaced by the flow. By taking the reading
The idea being that by understanding the change infrom the calibrated tube an indication of the flow
the characteristics of the wave patterns in therate can be determined. This is the principle of the
vibrating tubes, you can correlate the flow rate ofpeak flow meter used for lung capacity and asthma.
the substance passing through.