How Security Systems Work

Many homeowners and business owners are oftenessentially a sort of specialized camera looking for
confused by the terminology and the explanationsrapid changes in temperatures measured against a
given them by a security alarm representative.background temperature).
Sometimes what is recommended may be a goodThese more complete type systems are also
system, but it may also be beyond the budget oftypically monitored by a central station for a monthly
what many homeowners or business owners canmonitoring fee. Lastly, for those concerned about
afford or want to pay.possible phone line cuts (and yes, 99% of all alarms
The purpose of this article is two-fold: first, to explainsystems that are monitored by a central station use
the basic system and terms most widely in useyour phone line that is often exposed on the side of
today, and second, to make clear there are differentthe home or building) there are a variety of backup
levels of protection available that can translate intoservices available, from cellular to long range wireless
different investments with higher or lower degreesto TCP/IP modules that go over the Internet to a
of overall protection for the home or property.special receiver at the central station.
The typical electronic security system today isAre these systems expensive? Yes, because there is
comprised of the following elements:a lot of labor in addition to the equipment costs and
Control panel which processes the signals receivedif you choose wireless to cut down on the labor then
from the sensors, powers the sensors which requirethe equipment costs shoot up considerably. Do alarm
power, dials the monitoring central station to reportcompanies often subsidize the installation/equipment
alarms or events, powers the audible or visualcosts in order to get you to sign a multi-year
devices, such as sirens and strobes, and providesmonitoring contract? You bet. This recurring revenue
battery back-up in the event of AC power loss.is important to the security provider just as it is to
Sensors, such as door/window sensors that requirethe cable company.
no power, a wide variety of motion detectors, suchHowever, when you see the $99 deals advertised by
as PIRs' or "dual" type detectors, glassbreak sensors,large national companies, typically, these are not full
hold-up or panic switches, environmental sensors,perimeter protection systems, but usually 2 doors
such as water, CO2, or temperature, and of course,and 1 motion detector and do require multi-year
fire and heat detectors.contracts. Are these bad deals? Not necessarily, but
The audible and sometimes visual devices that areit depends upon what you are looking for and you
placed in the attic or under eaves as well as insideshould understand what you are getting and what
the dwelling.you are not getting.
The wire to connect the sensors and devices to theAre there alternatives to a professional installation,
central control panel, or in many cases today, the usesuch as products an average homeowner or business
of wireless transmitter sensors to a receiver oftenowner can buy and install? Yes, of course, but you
integrated into the control panel so few wires arehave to be careful here. There are places on the
needed (the AC transformer and phone line still haveInternet where you can buy a full fledged security
to be "hard wired").system just like the professionals buy everyday, but
The labor and programming to make the pieces allbeware. Most of these systems--even the wireless
work together.ones--require a good deal of programming and a
The highest level of security--and of course the onegood amount of time to learn and understand them.
that will cost the most--is full "perimeter" protectionIf you want a monitored system then it is best to
plus motion detector backup. What does this mean?hire a professional security company to install the
It means every exterior door and window (at leastsystem, period. Central stations will not typically allow
on the ground floor) has a magnetic switch, eitheryou to be monitored except through a licensed alarm
recessed or surface mount so that the alarm will godealer and programming for this capability is complex
off before the intruder gets in the house. It alsofor the inexperienced.
means placing some type of glassbreak detectorsIf you want a local alarm system with some generic
either in each room that has glass or on eachalarm decals and yard signs there are "plug and play"
window itself so that, again, the alarm would go offproducts that make this easy today. There are
before the intruder gets in.stand-alone motion detectors and door alarms with
If in addition, motion detectors are strategicallythe loud sirens built-in and with entry/exit timers so
placed so that in the unlikely event an intruder wouldyou can get in and out of your home without setting
somehow defeat a protected perimeter entry point,off the siren. Will these simple systems deter many
and actually gain entry inside the premises, he wouldpotential intruders? Sure, of course. Are they as
now face devices that look for motion by typicallygood as the $2,000 or more full perimeter systems
measuring the background temperature of a roomwith monitoring? No, but then not all us of can afford
against the temperature of an intruder (basis forthose systems and when it comes to security, some
"passive infrared technology" or PIR; that issecurity is certainly a lot better than no security!