How to Calibrate Load Cells

with any precise measurement device, calibration of ahard-pressed to find a more expert source available.
load cell, or the scale that uses it, is an exact science.Their suggestions for the calibration of a load cell are
Before delving into the subject of calibration,as follows:
let’s take a closer look at the intricacies of“At full-scale load, the output it typically 2
the device, to get a better idea of exactly what wemV/V or 3 mV/V, i.e., one part in 500 of the
will be calibrating. A load cell is a type of transducerexcitation or one part in 333 of the excitation. There
(meaning that it converts one type of energy into afore, for high-precision calibrations, a ratio
different type of energy) which reads an initialmeasurement is made. We use an 8-1/2 digit digital
amount of force or weight, and then converts thisvoltmeter in ratio mode, which has an error limit
force into an electrical signal.specification for this measurement of 35 ppm for a
This does not happen by way of a direct conversion,year from calibration. This DVM also communicates
but rather occurs in two separate stages. First, thewith the PC by the IEEE-488 bus.”
force detected effects one or more strain gauges,It is also noted in the NIST requirements that these
effectively deforming the gauges, which causes itsforce calibrations are issued with a given 20 ppm
electrical resistance to change. This relative change isuncertainty factor for the force values, with an
then used to measure the strain. While load cellsadditional 50 ppm or 33 ppm uncertainty when
containing one or two strain gauges do exist, theconsidering the readout instrumentation. It is also
most common of these devices contain four strainmentioned that the accuracy of these measurement
gauges. The output of this electrical signal is thenratios can be improved significantly by more frequent
connected to circuitry which calculates and provides acalibration. To reduce the measurement uncertainty
digital value of the converted electrical signal of theby a factor of ten, a single-point ratio calibration at
force or weight originally applied to the load cell.full scale of the range used (100mV), or a 100:1 ratio,
After taking a more in-depth look at how load cellscan be used. During NIST tests, a self-calibrating 100:1
provide measurements, it is easy to see how theratio divider was used, resulting in an uncertainty of
calibration of these devices can be a delicate science.only 0.5 ppm for this calibration.
In addition, any load cell in official use today must beAs said before, the calibration of such delicate
calibrated to NIST (National Institute of Standardsmeasuring systems can be quite a challenge, but with
and Technology) standards. NIST, being around sincepersistence and the required work, frequent
1901, has worked hard to provide the most accuratecalibration is guaranteed to improve the accuracy and
and effective guidelines for calibration of countlesseffectiveness of load cells and any other
types of measuring systems. This being said, when itmeasurement systems in use.
comes to the intricacies of calibration, one would be