UAV - Terrain Following Technologies

There are many technologies being used today suchdevices, which if ultrasound is used are really
as ultrasonic sensors, which provide non-contact forinexpensive in the car wash industry will cause a
solution levels in liquid storage tanks. Using thissomewhat vertically unpredictable flight pattern of
technology the tanks can use non-corrosive methodsthat of a bird, which moves with the currents and
to prevent failure of parts. For instance in a fuel tankupdrafts crossing roads or downdrafts crossing
the bacteria can eat through a 505 (2-inch) thinkcreeks and cooler air.
piece of stainless steel in about a week or so. EvenYou see the simple instability of the relative wind
plastic, which is made from petroleum productsalong with the terrain ultrasonic control system pulling
becomes brittle in such environments. So the solutionup when it gets close to the ground will look like the
in the various industries is to use sound waves toflight of a bird, one which you cannot see and you
control switches and float leveling systems. Onecannot hear if it is electric. For all practical purposes a
company in our industry is Compac Engineering whichsmall delivery system similar to the birds in Harry
makes all types of "Eracta Switches" like an erectorPotters Book five. The speed of sound is a factor of
set you build the desired structure or device out ofair temperature and of course air pressure and
plastic, insert their sensors, plug it in and you aredensity but at slower speeds of a UAV is less of a
completed. You can know soap levels, waster waterconsideration. A tree in the way would be a different
levels, freshwater levels using devices, which do notsignal bounce for sound than the ground, sensors can
corrode, rust or deteriorate quickly.easily see the difference.
These same systems and other systems are used inRight now much work is being done on pedestrian
car washes to guide the car and systems closeradars using sound, which are now available in Europe
without touching the car. In the previous decadeon cars and soon in US. Most major auto
electronic eyes were used, costly and often failedmanufacturers have this and if you remember the
and each morning a ghost wash was needed to testlast Terminator Movie out now the robots, which
the system and if the control mechanism failed theshoot rotating machine guns use sound to identify
unit would touch the practice car and scratch it,targets, the disruption of the returning of the sound
ruining the paint. This newer technology is best suitedwaves is recognized by shape and therefore the
in that it has less moving parts and works very easilyobject is identified. They call this technique windowing.
with less mechanism for Murphyism and less weightThe proximity sensors for car washes use a complex
of components a critical issue in UAV operations sinceseries of ultrasonic sound pulses using emitters and
payloads are critical.receivers. But the systems can be easily made very
The best little tiny UAVs which go by another termsimply and relatively weightless. Many animals in
MAV- Micro Air Vehicles can only carry 9-11 lbs. notnature use such signals to hunt; Bats for instance and
much really, but enough to get the job done. EveryDolphins sonar. You see not too difficult to see why.
pound you save adds to the range of the craft forEasy to use and light-weight. In cold conditions the
fuel or battery power in the case of many of theunits, which gather ice could have a bit of a problem
UAVs around. Electric MAVs and/or Small UAVs forhowever most of the enemies of the US are near
military purposes are desired since they do not needthe equator, where it is warmer. This system works
fuel only setting a switch allowing the chemicals today or night and in stormy weather when proper
mix and cause a reation and start the process offilters are used. Another even cooler new technology
making electricity. GPS guided units by satellites arewhich has been recently adopted in the car wash
often best for UAV control in that the operatorindustry is "passive ferrous object detection" this
releases or hand launches the unit and lets it go andtechnology uses a very simplistic approach which
the satellite guides it by electronic pulses or pingingidentifies natural local magnetic disturbances in the
from satellite within way-points without any rhythmEarth's natural magnetic field; another easy system,
and therefore electronic pulses are not able to bewhich can guide a UAV.
blocked as signals. Without blocking an entire band ofUltrasonic sensors can be solid state or newer chip
frequencies and that takes lots of power andtechnology to work. UAVs, which can fly under
directional awareness of UAV which if autonomous isradars and line of sight around and through trees, like
nearly impossible to find or see and you cannot knowbirds and insects are the future of UAV technology.
where it is since it's signature is less than the smallestIt's a bird, It's a plane, no its a UAV. Holly pilot-less
bird.RC modeling Batman.
Also electric is nice if the using terrain following