Ultrasonic Flow Meter – Some Basic Principles

Ultrasonic flow meter technology has much improvedbottom of the pipe, the second transducer receives
over the last few years and now forms a viable flowthe signal. The ultrasonic flow meter is then able to
measurement technique compared to other methodsdetermine flow by calculating the time it takes to
such as turbine and electromagnetic type systems.receive the signal.
The first Doppler ultrasonic flow meter units becamePortable ultrasonic flow meter kits are now available
available in the early 70’s. To begin with, as withfor plant wide surveys with minimal fuss and no
all new technologies they were not very accurate,down time. The first portable ultrasonic flow meter
difficult to install and costly. However, the newestunits were heavy and quite large, basically a luggable
Time of Flight ultrasonic flow meter and Dopplerdesign. As ultrasonic flow meter design has improved
types are proving to be both reliable and accurate.over time, the instruments have become much
Accuracy has improved significantly with mostsmaller, lighter and more power efficient and are truly
ultrasonic flow meter manufacturers claiming 0.5%hand portable. Also many ultrasonic flow meter
accuracy if the meters are correctly installed.models now have integral data loggers, allowing the
With these two technologies, which ultrasonic flowuser to leave the meter on site so it can record
meter should you use?average flow rates and flow totals.
Although Doppler ultrasonic flow meters use an olderAn ultrasonic flow meter will be most accurate when
technology, they are ideal for liquids with air bubblesfitted on a long, straight piece of pipe, free from
or slurries with significant solid particles. Theyobstructions such as elbows and valves. Also, any
determine the flow using the Doppler shift method,rusty pipes should be cleaned before using an
by measuring the change in frequency created by anultrasonic flow meter. Ultrasonic jelly should also be
object moving towards, or away from thesmeared under the sensor to ensure a solid contact
measurement point. Normally liquids with a minimumon the pipe.
of 100ppm concentration at 100microns particle sizeThe biggest advantage to using an ultrasonic flow
or bigger would be suitable for a Doppler ultrasonicmeter is maintenance. Older insertion meters usually
flow meter. One stumbling block of most Dopplerrequire the plant to be shut down while installing.
ultrasonic flow meter systems is that they are lessHowever an ultrasonic flow meter can be installed
accurate in low flow conditions.without stopping the process. Also as an ultrasonic
A transit time ultrasonic flow meter is ideal for cleanflow meter has no moving parts it cannot wear out.
fluids such as water and oil. These meters are moreBoth Doppler and transit time portable ultrasonic flow
advanced than Doppler ultrasonic flow meter typesmeter kits are available from Omni Instruments for
due to the advanced calculations used to determinehire or purchase.
the flow rate. Two transducers are used, the firstBy Richard Burgess
sends an acoustic signal which is bounced off of theOmniInstruments.